Refactor continuation token handling

shard.yml

@@ -21,6 +21,9 @@ dependencies:
   pool:
     github: ysbaddaden/pool
     version: ~> 0.2.3
+  protodec:
+    github: omarroth/protodec
+    version: ~> 0.1.2
 
 crystal: 0.31.1
 

src/invidious.cr

@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@ require "sqlite3"
 require "xml"
 require "yaml"
 require "zip"
+require "protodec/utils"
 require "./invidious/helpers/*"
 require "./invidious/*"
 

src/invidious/channels.cr

@@ -432,188 +432,108 @@ def fetch_channel_playlists(ucid, author, auto_generated, continuation, sort_by)
 end
 
 def produce_channel_videos_url(ucid, page = 1, auto_generated = nil, sort_by = "newest")
+  object = {
+    "80226972:embedded" => {
+      "2:string" => ucid,
+      "3:base64" => {
+        "2:string" => "videos",
+        "6:varint":   2_i64,
+        "7:varint":   1_i64,
+        "12:varint":  1_i64,
+        "13:string":  "",
+        "23:varint":  0_i64,
+      },
+    },
+  }
+
   if auto_generated
     seed = Time.unix(1525757349)
-
     until seed >= Time.utc
       seed += 1.month
     end
     timestamp = seed - (page - 1).months
 
-    page = "#{timestamp.to_unix}"
-    switch = 0x36
+    object["80226972:embedded"]["3:base64"].as(Hash)["4:varint"] = 0x36_i64
+    object["80226972:embedded"]["3:base64"].as(Hash)["15:string"] = "#{timestamp.to_unix}"
   else
-    page = "#{page}"
-    switch = 0x00
+    object["80226972:embedded"]["3:base64"].as(Hash)["4:varint"] = 0_i64
+    object["80226972:embedded"]["3:base64"].as(Hash)["15:string"] = "#{page}"
   end
 
-  data = IO::Memory.new
-  data.write_byte 0x12
-  data.write_byte 0x06
-  data.print "videos"
-
-  data.write Bytes[0x30, 0x02]
-  data.write Bytes[0x38, 0x01]
-  data.write Bytes[0x60, 0x01]
-  data.write Bytes[0x6a, 0x00]
-  data.write Bytes[0xb8, 0x01, 0x00]
-
-  data.write Bytes[0x20, switch]
-  data.write_byte 0x7a
-  VarInt.to_io(data, page.bytesize)
-  data.print page
-
   case sort_by
   when "newest"
-    # Empty tags can be omitted
-    # data.write(Bytes[0x18,0x00])
   when "popular"
-    data.write Bytes[0x18, 0x01]
+    object["80226972:embedded"]["3:base64"].as(Hash)["3:varint"] = 0x01_i64
   when "oldest"
-    data.write Bytes[0x18, 0x02]
+    object["80226972:embedded"]["3:base64"].as(Hash)["3:varint"] = 0x02_i64
   end
 
-  data = Base64.urlsafe_encode(data)
-  cursor = URI.encode_www_form(data)
-
-  data = IO::Memory.new
-
-  data.write_byte 0x12
-  VarInt.to_io(data, ucid.bytesize)
-  data.print ucid
+  object["80226972:embedded"]["3:string"] = Base64.urlsafe_encode(Protodec::Any.from_json(Protodec::Any.cast_json(object["80226972:embedded"]["3:base64"])))
+  object["80226972:embedded"].delete("3:base64")
 
-  data.write_byte 0x1a
-  VarInt.to_io(data, cursor.bytesize)
-  data.print cursor
+  continuation = object.try { |i| Protodec::Any.cast_json(object) }
+    .try { |i| Protodec::Any.from_json(i) }
+    .try { |i| Base64.urlsafe_encode(i) }
+    .try { |i| URI.encode_www_form(i) }
 
-  data.rewind
-
-  buffer = IO::Memory.new
-  buffer.write Bytes[0xe2, 0xa9, 0x85, 0xb2, 0x02]
-  VarInt.to_io(buffer, data.bytesize)
-
-  IO.copy data, buffer
-
-  continuation = Base64.urlsafe_encode(buffer)
-  continuation = URI.encode_www_form(continuation)
-
-  url = "/browse_ajax?continuation=#{continuation}&gl=US&hl=en"
-
-  return url
+  return "/browse_ajax?continuation=#{continuation}&gl=US&hl=en"
 end
 
 def produce_channel_playlists_url(ucid, cursor, sort = "newest", auto_generated = false)
+  object = {
+    "80226972:embedded" => {
+      "2:string" => ucid,
+      "3:base64" => {
+        "2:string" => "playlist",
+        "6:varint":   2_i64,
+        "7:varint":   1_i64,
+        "12:varint":  1_i64,
+        "13:string":  "",
+        "23:varint":  0_i64,
+      },
+    },
+  }
+
   if !auto_generated
     cursor = Base64.urlsafe_encode(cursor, false)
   end
-
-  data = IO::Memory.new
+  object["80226972:embedded"]["3:base64"].as(Hash)["15:string"] = cursor
 
   if auto_generated
-    data.write Bytes[0x08, 0x0a]
-  end
-
-  data.write Bytes[0x12, 0x09]
-  data.print "playlists"
-
-  if auto_generated
-    data.write Bytes[0x20, 0x32]
+    object["80226972:embedded"]["3:base64"].as(Hash)["4:varint"] = 0x32_i64
   else
-    # TODO: Look at 0x01, 0x00
+    object["80226972:embedded"]["3:base64"].as(Hash)["4:varint"] = 1_i64
     case sort
     when "oldest", "oldest_created"
-      data.write Bytes[0x18, 0x02]
+      object["80226972:embedded"]["3:base64"].as(Hash)["3:varint"] = 2_i64
     when "newest", "newest_created"
-      data.write Bytes[0x18, 0x03]
+      object["80226972:embedded"]["3:base64"].as(Hash)["3:varint"] = 3_i64
     when "last", "last_added"
-      data.write Bytes[0x18, 0x04]
+      object["80226972:embedded"]["3:base64"].as(Hash)["3:varint"] = 4_i64
     end
-
-    data.write Bytes[0x20, 0x01]
   end
 
-  data.write Bytes[0x30, 0x02]
-  data.write Bytes[0x38, 0x01]
-  data.write Bytes[0x60, 0x01]
-  data.write Bytes[0x6a, 0x00]
-
-  data.write_byte 0x7a
-  VarInt.to_io(data, cursor.bytesize)
-  data.print cursor
-
-  data.write Bytes[0xb8, 0x01, 0x00]
-
-  data.rewind
-  data = Base64.urlsafe_encode(data)
-  continuation = URI.encode_www_form(data)
-
-  data = IO::Memory.new
-
-  data.write_byte 0x12
-  VarInt.to_io(data, ucid.bytesize)
-  data.print ucid
-
-  data.write_byte 0x1a
-  VarInt.to_io(data, continuation.bytesize)
-  data.print continuation
-
-  data.rewind
-
-  buffer = IO::Memory.new
-  buffer.write Bytes[0xe2, 0xa9, 0x85, 0xb2, 0x02]
-  VarInt.to_io(buffer, data.bytesize)
+  object["80226972:embedded"]["3:string"] = Base64.urlsafe_encode(Protodec::Any.from_json(Protodec::Any.cast_json(object["80226972:embedded"]["3:base64"])))
+  object["80226972:embedded"].delete("3:base64")
 
-  IO.copy data, buffer
+  continuation = object.try { |i| Protodec::Any.cast_json(object) }
+    .try { |i| Protodec::Any.from_json(i) }
+    .try { |i| Base64.urlsafe_encode(i) }
+    .try { |i| URI.encode_www_form(i) }
 
-  continuation = Base64.urlsafe_encode(buffer)
-  continuation = URI.encode_www_form(continuation)
-
-  url = "/browse_ajax?continuation=#{continuation}&gl=US&hl=en"
-
-  return url
+  return "/browse_ajax?continuation=#{continuation}&gl=US&hl=en"
 end
 
 def extract_channel_playlists_cursor(url, auto_generated)
-  continuation = HTTP::Params.parse(URI.parse(url).query.not_nil!)["continuation"]
-
-  continuation = URI.decode_www_form(continuation)
-  data = IO::Memory.new(Base64.decode(continuation))
-
-  # 0xe2 0xa9 0x85 0xb2 0x02
-  data.pos += 5
-
-  continuation = Bytes.new(data.read_bytes(VarInt))
-  data.read continuation
-  data = IO::Memory.new(continuation)
-
-  data.read_byte # => 0x12
-  ucid = Bytes.new(data.read_bytes(VarInt))
-  data.read ucid
-
-  data.read_byte # => 0x1a
-  inner_continuation = Bytes.new(data.read_bytes(VarInt))
-  data.read inner_continuation
-
-  continuation = String.new(inner_continuation)
-  continuation = URI.decode_www_form(continuation)
-  data = IO::Memory.new(Base64.decode(continuation))
-
-  # 0x12 0x09 playlists
-  data.pos += 11
-
-  until data.peek[0] == 0x7a
-    key = data.read_bytes(VarInt)
-    value = data.read_bytes(VarInt)
-  end
-
-  data.pos += 1 # => 0x7a
-  cursor = Bytes.new(data.read_bytes(VarInt))
-  data.read cursor
-  cursor = String.new(cursor)
+  cursor = URI.parse(url).query_params
+    .try { |i| Base64.decode(i["continuation"]) }
+    .try { |i| IO::Memory.new(i) }
+    .try { |i| Protodec::Any.parse(i) }
+    .try { |i| i["80226972:0:embedded"]["3:1:base64"]["15:7:string"].as_s }
 
   if !auto_generated
     cursor = URI.decode_www_form(cursor)
-    cursor = Base64.decode_string(cursor)
+      .try { |i| Base64.decode_string(i) }
   end
 
   return cursor
@@ -621,12 +541,9 @@ end
 
 # TODO: Add "sort_by"
 def fetch_channel_community(ucid, continuation, locale, config, kemal_config, format, thin_mode)
-  headers = HTTP::Headers.new
-  headers["User-Agent"] = "Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/68.0.3440.106 Safari/537.36"
-
-  response = YT_POOL.client &.get("/channel/#{ucid}/community?gl=US&hl=en", headers)
+  response = YT_POOL.client &.get("/channel/#{ucid}/community?gl=US&hl=en")
   if response.status_code == 404
-    response = YT_POOL.client &.get("/user/#{ucid}/community?gl=US&hl=en", headers)
+    response = YT_POOL.client &.get("/user/#{ucid}/community?gl=US&hl=en")
   end
 
   if response.status_code == 404
@@ -648,6 +565,7 @@ def fetch_channel_community(ucid, continuation, locale, config, kemal_config, fo
   else
     continuation = produce_channel_community_continuation(ucid, continuation)
 
+    headers = HTTP::Headers.new
     headers["cookie"] = response.cookies.add_request_headers(headers)["cookie"]
     headers["content-type"] = "application/x-www-form-urlencoded"
 
@@ -874,53 +792,31 @@ def fetch_channel_community(ucid, continuation, locale, config, kemal_config, fo
 end
 
 def produce_channel_community_continuation(ucid, cursor)
-  cursor = URI.encode_www_form(cursor)
-
-  data = IO::Memory.new
-
-  data.write_byte 0x12
-  VarInt.to_io(data, ucid.bytesize)
-  data.print ucid
-
-  data.write_byte 0x1a
-  VarInt.to_io(data, cursor.bytesize)
-  data.print cursor
-
-  data.rewind
-
-  buffer = IO::Memory.new
-  buffer.write Bytes[0xe2, 0xa9, 0x85, 0xb2, 0x02]
-  VarInt.to_io(buffer, data.size)
-
-  IO.copy data, buffer
-
-  continuation = Base64.urlsafe_encode(buffer)
-  continuation = URI.encode_www_form(continuation)
+  object = {
+    "80226972:embedded" => {
+      "2:string" => ucid,
+      "3:string" => cursor,
+    },
+  }
+
+  continuation = object.try { |i| Protodec::Any.cast_json(object) }
+    .try { |i| Protodec::Any.from_json(i) }
+    .try { |i| Base64.urlsafe_encode(i) }
+    .try { |i| URI.encode_www_form(i) }
 
   return continuation
 end
 
 def extract_channel_community_cursor(continuation)
-  continuation = URI.decode_www_form(continuation)
-  data = IO::Memory.new(Base64.decode(continuation))
-
-  # 0xe2 0xa9 0x85 0xb2 0x02
-  data.pos += 5
-
-  continuation = Bytes.new(data.read_bytes(VarInt))
-  data.read continuation
-  data = IO::Memory.new(continuation)
-
-  data.read_byte # => 0x12
-  ucid = Bytes.new(data.read_bytes(VarInt))
-  data.read ucid
-
-  data.read_byte # => 0x1a
-  until data.peek[0] == 'E'.ord
-    data.read_byte
-  end
-
-  return URI.decode_www_form(data.gets_to_end)
+  cursor = URI.decode_www_form(continuation)
+    .try { |i| Base64.decode(i) }
+    .try { |i| IO::Memory.new(i) }
+    .try { |i| Protodec::Any.parse(i) }
+    .try { |i| Protodec::Any.cast_json(i["80226972:0:embedded"]["3:1:base64"].as_h) }
+    .try { |i| Protodec::Any.from_json(i) }
+    .try { |i| Base64.urlsafe_encode(i) }
+
+  cursor
 end
 
 def get_about_info(ucid, locale)

src/invidious/comments.cr

@@ -572,129 +572,84 @@ def content_to_comment_html(content)
 end
 
 def extract_comment_cursor(continuation)
-  continuation = URI.decode_www_form(continuation)
-  data = IO::Memory.new(Base64.decode(continuation))
+  cursor = URI.decode_www_form(continuation)
+    .try { |i| Base64.decode(i) }
+    .try { |i| IO::Memory.new(i) }
+    .try { |i| Protodec::Any.parse(i) }
+    .try { |i| i["6:2:embedded"]["1:0:string"].as_s }
 
-  # 0x12 0x26
-  data.pos += 2
-
-  data.read_byte # => 0x12
-  video_id = Bytes.new(data.read_bytes(VarInt))
-  data.read video_id
-
-  until data.peek[0] == 0x0a
-    data.read_byte
-  end
-  data.read_byte # 0x0a
-  data.read_byte if data.peek[0] == 0x0a
-
-  cursor = Bytes.new(data.read_bytes(VarInt))
-  data.read cursor
-
-  String.new(cursor)
+  return cursor
 end
 
 def produce_comment_continuation(video_id, cursor = "", sort_by = "top")
-  data = IO::Memory.new
-
-  data.write Bytes[0x12, 0x26]
-
-  data.write_byte 0x12
-  VarInt.to_io(data, video_id.bytesize)
-  data.print video_id
-
-  data.write Bytes[0xc0, 0x01, 0x01]
-  data.write Bytes[0xc8, 0x01, 0x01]
-  data.write Bytes[0xe0, 0x01, 0x01]
-
-  data.write Bytes[0xa2, 0x02, 0x0d]
-  data.write Bytes[0x28, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0x01]
-
-  data.write Bytes[0x40, 0x00]
-  data.write Bytes[0x18, 0x06]
-
-  if cursor.empty?
-    data.write Bytes[0x32]
-    VarInt.to_io(data, cursor.bytesize + video_id.bytesize + 8)
-
-    data.write Bytes[0x22, video_id.bytesize + 4]
-    data.write Bytes[0x22, video_id.bytesize]
-    data.print video_id
-
-    case sort_by
-    when "top"
-      data.write Bytes[0x30, 0x00]
-    when "new", "newest"
-      data.write Bytes[0x30, 0x01]
-    end
-
-    data.write(Bytes[0x78, 0x02])
-  else
-    data.write Bytes[0x32]
-    VarInt.to_io(data, cursor.bytesize + video_id.bytesize + 11)
-
-    data.write_byte 0x0a
-    VarInt.to_io(data, cursor.bytesize)
-    data.print cursor
-
-    data.write Bytes[0x22, video_id.bytesize + 4]
-    data.write Bytes[0x22, video_id.bytesize]
-    data.print video_id
-
-    case sort_by
-    when "top"
-      data.write Bytes[0x30, 0x00]
-    when "new", "newest"
-      data.write Bytes[0x30, 0x01]
-    end
+  object = {
+    "2:embedded" => {
+      "2:string"    => video_id,
+      "24:varint"   => 1_i64,
+      "25:varint"   => 1_i64,
+      "28:varint"   => 1_i64,
+      "36:embedded" => {
+        "5:varint" => -1_i64,
+        "8:varint" => 0_i64,
+      },
+    },
+    "3:varint"   => 6_i64,
+    "6:embedded" => {
+      "1:string"   => cursor,
+      "4:embedded" => {
+        "4:string" => video_id,
+        "6:varint" => 0_i64,
+      },
+      "5:varint" => 20_i64,
+    },
+  }
 
-    data.write Bytes[0x28, 0x14]
+  case sort_by
+  when "top"
+    object["6:embedded"].as(Hash)["4:embedded"].as(Hash)["6:varint"] = 0_i64
+  when "new", "newest"
+    object["6:embedded"].as(Hash)["4:embedded"].as(Hash)["6:varint"] = 1_i64
   end
 
-  continuation = Base64.urlsafe_encode(data)
-  continuation = URI.encode_www_form(continuation)
+  continuation = object.try { |i| Protodec::Any.cast_json(object) }
+    .try { |i| Protodec::Any.from_json(i) }
+    .try { |i| Base64.urlsafe_encode(i) }
+    .try { |i| URI.encode_www_form(i) }
 
   return continuation
 end
 
 def produce_comment_reply_continuation(video_id, ucid, comment_id)
-  data = IO::Memory.new
-
-  data.write Bytes[0x12, 0x26]
-
-  data.write_byte 0x12
-  VarInt.to_io(data, video_id.size)
-  data.print video_id
-
-  data.write Bytes[0xc0, 0x01, 0x01]
-  data.write Bytes[0xc8, 0x01, 0x01]
-  data.write Bytes[0xe0, 0x01, 0x01]
-
-  data.write Bytes[0xa2, 0x02, 0x0d]
-  data.write Bytes[0x28, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0x01]
-
-  data.write Bytes[0x40, 0x00]
-  data.write Bytes[0x18, 0x06]
-
-  data.write(Bytes[0x32, ucid.size + video_id.size + comment_id.size + 16])
-  data.write(Bytes[0x1a, ucid.size + video_id.size + comment_id.size + 14])
-
-  data.write_byte 0x12
-  VarInt.to_io(data, comment_id.size)
-  data.print comment_id
-
-  data.write(Bytes[0x22, 0x02, 0x08, 0x00]) # ?
-
-  data.write(Bytes[ucid.size + video_id.size + 7])
-  data.write(Bytes[ucid.size])
-  data.print(ucid)
-  data.write(Bytes[0x32, video_id.size])
-  data.print(video_id)
-  data.write(Bytes[0x40, 0x01])
-  data.write(Bytes[0x48, 0x0a])
+  object = {
+    "2:embedded" => {
+      "2:string"    => video_id,
+      "24:varint"   => 1_i64,
+      "25:varint"   => 1_i64,
+      "28:varint"   => 1_i64,
+      "36:embedded" => {
+        "5:varint" => -1_i64,
+        "8:varint" => 0_i64,
+      },
+    },
+    "3:varint"   => 6_i64,
+    "6:embedded" => {
+      "3:embedded" => {
+        "2:string"   => comment_id,
+        "4:embedded" => {
+          "1:varint" => 0_i64,
+        },
+        "5:string" => ucid,
+        "6:string" => video_id,
+        "8:varint" => 1_i64,
+        "9:varint" => 10_i64,
+      },
+    },
+  }
 
-  continuation = Base64.urlsafe_encode(data.to_slice)
-  continuation = URI.encode_www_form(continuation)
+  continuation = object.try { |i| Protodec::Any.cast_json(object) }
+    .try { |i| Protodec::Any.from_json(i) }
+    .try { |i| Base64.urlsafe_encode(i) }
+    .try { |i| URI.encode_www_form(i) }
 
   return continuation
 end

src/invidious/playlists.cr

@@ -327,48 +327,28 @@ def produce_playlist_url(id, index)
   if id.starts_with? "UC"
     id = "UU" + id.lchop("UC")
   end
-  ucid = "VL" + id
-
-  data = IO::Memory.new
-  data.write_byte 0x08
-  VarInt.to_io(data, index)
-
-  data.rewind
-  data = Base64.urlsafe_encode(data, false)
-  data = "PT:#{data}"
-
-  continuation = IO::Memory.new
-  continuation.write_byte 0x7a
-  VarInt.to_io(continuation, data.bytesize)
-  continuation.print data
-
-  data = Base64.urlsafe_encode(continuation)
-  cursor = URI.encode_www_form(data)
-
-  data = IO::Memory.new
-
-  data.write_byte 0x12
-  VarInt.to_io(data, ucid.bytesize)
-  data.print ucid
-
-  data.write_byte 0x1a
-  VarInt.to_io(data, cursor.bytesize)
-  data.print cursor
-
-  data.rewind
-
-  buffer = IO::Memory.new
-  buffer.write Bytes[0xe2, 0xa9, 0x85, 0xb2, 0x02]
-  VarInt.to_io(buffer, data.bytesize)
-
-  IO.copy data, buffer
-
-  continuation = Base64.urlsafe_encode(buffer)
-  continuation = URI.encode_www_form(continuation)
-
-  url = "/browse_ajax?continuation=#{continuation}&gl=US&hl=en"
-
-  return url
+  plid = "VL" + id
+
+  data = {"1:varint" => index.to_i64}
+    .try { |i| Protodec::Any.cast_json(i) }
+    .try { |i| Protodec::Any.from_json(i) }
+    .try { |i| Base64.urlsafe_encode(i, padding: false) }
+
+  object = {
+    "80226972:embedded" => {
+      "2:string" => plid,
+      "3:base64" => {
+        "15:string" => "PT:#{data}",
+      },
+    },
+  }
+
+  continuation = object.try { |i| Protodec::Any.cast_json(object) }
+    .try { |i| Protodec::Any.from_json(i) }
+    .try { |i| Base64.urlsafe_encode(i) }
+    .try { |i| URI.encode_www_form(i) }
+
+  return "/browse_ajax?continuation=#{continuation}&gl=US&hl=en"
 end
 
 def get_playlist(db, plid, locale, refresh = true, force_refresh = false)

src/invidious/search.cr

@@ -281,152 +281,116 @@ end
 
 def produce_search_params(sort : String = "relevance", date : String = "", content_type : String = "",
                           duration : String = "", features : Array(String) = [] of String)
-  header = IO::Memory.new
-  header.write Bytes[0x08]
-  header.write case sort
+  object = {
+    "1:varint"   => 0_i64,
+    "2:embedded" => {} of String => Int64,
+  }
+
+  case sort
   when "relevance"
-    Bytes[0x00]
+    object["1:varint"] = 0_i64
   when "rating"
-    Bytes[0x01]
+    object["1:varint"] = 1_i64
   when "upload_date", "date"
-    Bytes[0x02]
+    object["1:varint"] = 2_i64
   when "view_count", "views"
-    Bytes[0x03]
+    object["1:varint"] = 3_i64
   else
     raise "No sort #{sort}"
   end
 
-  body = IO::Memory.new
-  body.write case date
+  case date
   when "hour"
-    Bytes[0x08, 0x01]
+    object["2:embedded"].as(Hash)["1:varint"] = 1_i64
   when "today"
-    Bytes[0x08, 0x02]
+    object["2:embedded"].as(Hash)["1:varint"] = 2_i64
   when "week"
-    Bytes[0x08, 0x03]
+    object["2:embedded"].as(Hash)["1:varint"] = 3_i64
   when "month"
-    Bytes[0x08, 0x04]
+    object["2:embedded"].as(Hash)["1:varint"] = 4_i64
   when "year"
-    Bytes[0x08, 0x05]
-  else
-    Bytes.new(0)
+    object["2:embedded"].as(Hash)["1:varint"] = 5_i64
   end
 
-  body.write case content_type
+  case content_type
   when "video"
-    Bytes[0x10, 0x01]
+    object["2:embedded"].as(Hash)["2:varint"] = 1_i64
   when "channel"
-    Bytes[0x10, 0x02]
+    object["2:embedded"].as(Hash)["2:varint"] = 2_i64
   when "playlist"
-    Bytes[0x10, 0x03]
+    object["2:embedded"].as(Hash)["2:varint"] = 3_i64
   when "movie"
-    Bytes[0x10, 0x04]
+    object["2:embedded"].as(Hash)["2:varint"] = 4_i64
   when "show"
-    Bytes[0x10, 0x05]
+    object["2:embedded"].as(Hash)["2:varint"] = 5_i64
   when "all"
-    Bytes.new(0)
+    #
   else
-    Bytes[0x10, 0x01]
+    object["2:embedded"].as(Hash)["2:varint"] = 1_i64
   end
 
-  body.write case duration
+  case duration
   when "short"
-    Bytes[0x18, 0x01]
+    object["2:embedded"].as(Hash)["3:varint"] = 1_i64
   when "long"
-    Bytes[0x18, 0x12]
-  else
-    Bytes.new(0)
+    object["2:embedded"].as(Hash)["3:varint"] = 18_i64
   end
 
   features.each do |feature|
-    body.write case feature
+    case feature
     when "hd"
-      Bytes[0x20, 0x01]
+      object["2:embedded"].as(Hash)["4:varint"] = 1_i64
     when "subtitles"
-      Bytes[0x28, 0x01]
+      object["2:embedded"].as(Hash)["5:varint"] = 1_i64
     when "creative_commons", "cc"
-      Bytes[0x30, 0x01]
+      object["2:embedded"].as(Hash)["6:varint"] = 1_i64
     when "3d"
-      Bytes[0x38, 0x01]
+      object["2:embedded"].as(Hash)["7:varint"] = 1_i64
     when "live", "livestream"
-      Bytes[0x40, 0x01]
+      object["2:embedded"].as(Hash)["8:varint"] = 1_i64
     when "purchased"
-      Bytes[0x48, 0x01]
+      object["2:embedded"].as(Hash)["9:varint"] = 1_i64
     when "4k"
-      Bytes[0x70, 0x01]
+      object["2:embedded"].as(Hash)["14:varint"] = 1_i64
     when "360"
-      Bytes[0x78, 0x01]
+      object["2:embedded"].as(Hash)["15:varint"] = 1_i64
     when "location"
-      Bytes[0xb8, 0x01, 0x01]
+      object["2:embedded"].as(Hash)["23:varint"] = 1_i64
     when "hdr"
-      Bytes[0xc8, 0x01, 0x01]
-    else
-      Bytes.new(0)
+      object["2:embedded"].as(Hash)["25:varint"] = 1_i64
     end
   end
 
-  token = header
-  if !body.empty?
-    token.write Bytes[0x12, body.bytesize]
-    token.write body.to_slice
-  end
-
-  token = Base64.urlsafe_encode(token.to_slice)
-  token = URI.encode_www_form(token)
+  params = object.try { |i| Protodec::Any.cast_json(object) }
+    .try { |i| Protodec::Any.from_json(i) }
+    .try { |i| Base64.urlsafe_encode(i, padding: false) }
 
-  return token
+  return params
 end
 
 def produce_channel_search_url(ucid, query, page)
-  page = "#{page}"
-
-  data = IO::Memory.new
-  data.write_byte 0x12
-  data.write_byte 0x06
-  data.print "search"
-
-  data.write Bytes[0x30, 0x02]
-  data.write Bytes[0x38, 0x01]
-  data.write Bytes[0x60, 0x01]
-  data.write Bytes[0x6a, 0x00]
-  data.write Bytes[0xb8, 0x01, 0x00]
-
-  data.write_byte 0x7a
-  VarInt.to_io(data, page.bytesize)
-  data.print page
-
-  data.rewind
-  data = Base64.urlsafe_encode(data)
-  continuation = URI.encode_www_form(data)
-
-  data = IO::Memory.new
-
-  data.write_byte 0x12
-  VarInt.to_io(data, ucid.bytesize)
-  data.print ucid
-
-  data.write_byte 0x1a
-  VarInt.to_io(data, continuation.bytesize)
-  data.print continuation
-
-  data.write_byte 0x5a
-  VarInt.to_io(data, query.bytesize)
-  data.print query
-
-  data.rewind
-
-  buffer = IO::Memory.new
-  buffer.write Bytes[0xe2, 0xa9, 0x85, 0xb2, 0x02]
-  VarInt.to_io(buffer, data.bytesize)
-
-  IO.copy data, buffer
-
-  continuation = Base64.urlsafe_encode(buffer)
-  continuation = URI.encode_www_form(continuation)
-
-  url = "/browse_ajax?continuation=#{continuation}&gl=US&hl=en"
-
-  return url
+  object = {
+    "80226972:embedded" => {
+      "2:string" => ucid,
+      "3:base64" => {
+        "2:string"  => "search",
+        "6:varint"  => 2_i64,
+        "7:varint"  => 1_i64,
+        "12:varint" => 1_i64,
+        "13:string" => "",
+        "23:varint" => 0_i64,
+        "15:string" => "#{page}",
+      },
+      "11:string" => query,
+    },
+  }
+
+  continuation = object.try { |i| Protodec::Any.cast_json(object) }
+    .try { |i| Protodec::Any.from_json(i) }
+    .try { |i| Base64.urlsafe_encode(i) }
+    .try { |i| URI.encode_www_form(i) }
+
+  return "/browse_ajax?continuation=#{continuation}&gl=US&hl=en"
 end
 
 def process_search_query(query, page, user, region)