initial commit

Add all of the initial presentations from my presentations folder. These are mostly the versions of the talks I actually presented in the RaumZeitLabor, but with updated reveal.js version as a submodule.

In the future this needs to be touched up and properly exported to a website so I can link this more easily. For now this should suffice.
main
Helix 2 years ago
commit 385259e787

4
.gitmodules vendored

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[submodule "reveal.js-4.3.1"]
path = reveal.js-4.3.1
url = https://github.com/hakimel/reveal.js
branch = 4.3.1

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# RaumZeitLabor Talks by Helix
## Index
### German
- [Passwortmanager](./passwortmanager/) Sichere Passwörter generieren und speichern.
- [Arbeitslosigkeit schaffen](./arbeitslosigkeit/) wie Automatisierung Effizienz im Arbeitsleben möglich macht.
- [Rechteverwaltung](./rechteverwaltung/) Berechtigungen, Zugriffsmodelle und MAC in Linux.
#### WIP
- [Internetrecherche](./internetrecherche) wie man richtig googlet.
## Tech
- written in Markdown
- made with [reveal-md](https://github.com/webpro/reveal-md)
- based on [reveal.js](https://revealjs.com/)

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<!doctype html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0, maximum-scale=1.0, user-scalable=no">
<title>Automatisierung macht arbeitslos und das ist gut so!</title>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../reveal.js-4.3.1/dist/reset.css">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../reveal.js-4.3.1/dist/reveal.css">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../reveal.js-4.3.1/dist/theme/serif.css">
<!-- Theme used for syntax highlighted code -->
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../reveal.js-4.3.1/plugin/highlight/monokai.css">
</head>
<body>
<div class="reveal">
<div class="slides">
<section data-markdown data-separator-vertical="----">
<textarea data-template>
### Wie man sich selbst arbeitslos machen kann
oder: arbeite SMART, nicht hart. <!-- .element: class="fragment" data-fragment-index="0" -->
---
## Fachkräftemangel
- eigentlich: Mangel an billigen Fachkräften, die man ausbrennen lassen kann. <!-- .element: class="fragment" data-fragment-index="0" -->
---
## Digitalisierung
- ursprünglich: einscannen <!-- .element: class="fragment" data-fragment-index="0" -->
- Prozesse, die auf Papier waren, sind jetzt digitales Papier <!-- .element: class="fragment" data-fragment-index="1" -->
- Umdenken: <!-- .element: class="fragment" data-fragment-index="2" -->
- Prozesse hinterfragen
- Automatisierung
- Organisation.
---
## Arbeitslast und Ausbrennen
Burnout (WHO): <!-- .element: class="fragment" data-fragment-index="0" -->
- Gefühle von Energielosigkeit oder Erschöpfung <!-- .element: class="fragment" data-fragment-index="0" -->
- Mentale Distanz von Job oder negative Gefühle in Bezug auf die Karriere <!-- .element: class="fragment" data-fragment-index="0" -->
- reduzierte professionelle Produktivität. <!-- .element: class="fragment" data-fragment-index="0" -->
----
### Etwas weniger ausbrennen
- nicht zu viel auf einmal (Eisenhower-Matrix) <!-- .element: class="fragment" -->
- Unterbrechungen vermeiden (Timeboxing) <!-- .element: class="fragment" -->
- Pausen forcieren (Pomodoro) <!-- .element: class="fragment" -->
- Möglichkeiten des Arbeitgebers nutzen <!-- .element: class="fragment" -->
- Spaß haben. <!-- .element: class="fragment" -->
---
## Menschliche APIs
- wir haben einen Mitarbeiter, der schiebt Bestellformulare von A nach B <!-- .element: class="fragment" -->
- wir haben die Bundeswehr, die Faxe digitalisiert <!-- .element: class="fragment" -->
- "dich kann ich durch ein Shell-Script wegautomatisieren!" <!-- .element: class="fragment" -->
----
### was ist ein API?
- Schnittstelle zwischen 2+ Systemen <!-- .element: class="fragment" -->
- definierte Austauschformate <!-- .element: class="fragment" -->
- Automatisierung möglich. <!-- .element: class="fragment" -->
---
## Automatisierung
- spezialisierte Tools <!-- .element: class="fragment" -->
- n8n.io, IFTTT, low code / no code
- Skripte <!-- .element: class="fragment" -->
- PowerShell, Bash, Python (z.B. Airflow, Pandas)
- Backups + Updates, die heilige Zweifaltigkeit <!-- .element: class="fragment" -->
- DevOps <!-- .element: class="fragment" -->
- imperativ: Ansible
- deklarativ: Puppet, NixOS.
---
## Organisation
- Dokumentation: Wiki <!-- .element: class="fragment" -->
- verlinkte Docs (z.B. Hedgedocs, Pads, Google Docs)
- DokuWiki, Bookstack
- manuelle Prozesse hier her!
- Timeboxing! <!-- .element: class="fragment" -->
- Mails, Chat, Benachrichtigungen einschränken
- "stille Stunde"
- Ticketsysteme <!-- .element: class="fragment" -->
- Verlinkung + Priorisierung
---
## Prozessanalyse
- dokumentieren <!-- .element: class="fragment" -->
- aufteilen <!-- .element: class="fragment" -->
- hinterfragen <!-- .element: class="fragment" -->
- automatisieren. <!-- .element: class="fragment" -->
----
<img class="r-stretch" src="res/is_it_worth_the_time_2x.png">
---
## Austausch mit Leidensgenossen
- Foren (Reddit, ngb, Lemmy) <!-- .element: class="fragment" -->
- Chats (NTC Slack, Matrix, IRC) <!-- .element: class="fragment" -->
- Hackerspaces <!-- .element: class="fragment" -->
- Kollegen und Bekannte. <!-- .element: class="fragment" -->
---
## Das wars.
### Fragen?
- `mailto:helix@tilde.fun`
- `matrix://@helix:tilde.fun`
</textarea>
</section>
</div>
</div>
<script src="../reveal.js-4.3.1/dist/reveal.js"></script>
<script src="../reveal.js-4.3.1/plugin/notes/notes.js"></script>
<script src="../reveal.js-4.3.1/plugin/markdown/markdown.js"></script>
<script src="../reveal.js-4.3.1/plugin/highlight/highlight.js"></script>
<script>
// More info about initialization & config:
// - https://revealjs.com/initialization/
// - https://revealjs.com/config/
Reveal.initialize({
hash: true,
// Learn about plugins: https://revealjs.com/plugins/
plugins: [ RevealMarkdown, RevealHighlight, RevealNotes ]
});
</script>
</body>
</html>

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<!doctype html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0, maximum-scale=1.0, user-scalable=no">
<title>Internetrecherche</title>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../reveal.js-4.3.1/dist/reset.css">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../reveal.js-4.3.1/dist/reveal.css">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../reveal.js-4.3.1/dist/theme/serif.css">
<!-- Theme used for syntax highlighted code -->
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../reveal.js-4.3.1/plugin/highlight/monokai.css">
</head>
<body>
<div class="reveal">
<div class="slides">
<!-- begin slides -->
<section>
<img class="stretch plain" src="res/laika.jpg" />
<h4>Internetrecherche</h4>
<small>
<p>CC-BY-SA 2018-08-28 Helix / RaumZeitLabor<br>
⏳️ ca. 16 min</p>
</small>
</section>
<section>
<h3>Agenda</h3>
<ul>
<li>Rechercheziele finden</li>
<li>Suchmaschinen nutzen</li>
<li>Suchergebnisse verwalten</li>
<li>Weiterführende Links</li>
</ul>
</section>
<section>
<section>
<h3>Rechercheziele finden</h3>
<ul>
<li>Mindmap (z.B. mit Vim oder auf Papier)</li>
<li>andere Formulierungen finden</li>
<li>Brainstorming</li>
</ul>
</section>
<section>
<h3>Mindmaps</h4>
<img class="stretch plain" src="res/vym-tipps-mindmap.svg" />
</section>
<section>
<h3>Neuformulierungen</h3>
<ul>
<li>Thesaurus</li>
<li>Fremdsprachen-Wörterbuch</li>
</ul>
</section>
<section>
<h3>Brainstorming</h3>
<ul>
<li>Stift und Papier</li>
<li>Ablenkungsfreies Schreiben</li>
<li>Keine Quellen nutzen</li>
</ul>
</section>
</section>
<section>
<section>
<h3>Suchmaschinen ausnutzen</h4>
</section>
<section>
<h3>Operatoren</h3>
<ul>
<li><code>suchbegriff1 -suchbegriff2</code></li>
<li><code> suchbegriff filetype:pdf </code></li>
<li><code>intitle:suchbegriff</code></li>
<li><code>"such be griff"</code></li>
<li><code>suchbegriff1 OR suchbegriff2 </code></li>
<li><code>(suchbegriff1 OR suchbegriff2) suchbegriff3</code></li>
<li><code>site:example.com</code></li>
</ul>
</section>
<section>
<h3>Google was sonst?</h3>
<ul>
<li>DuckDuckGo, Qwant, Bing</li>
<li>Metasuchmaschinen</li>
<li>Vertikale Suchmaschinen</li>
</ul>
</section>
</section>
<section>
<section>
<h3>Vertikale Suchmaschinen</h3>
</section>
<section>
<h3>Wolfram Alpha</h3>
<img class="stretch plain" src="res/wolframalpha-sombrero.png" />
</section>
<section>
<h3>Geizhals</h3>
<img class="stretch plain" src="res/geizhals-bdr.png" />
</section>
<section>
<h3>Google Scholar</h3>
<img class="stretch plain" src="res/googlescholar-rzl.png" />
</section>
<section>
<h3>Shodan</h3>
<img class="stretch plain" src="res/shodan-siemens.png" />
<small>
<p>(Siemens S7 Protokoll)</p>
</small>
</section>
<section>
<h3>Deep Web</h3>
<img class="stretch plain" src="res/deepweb-shota.png" />
</section>
</section>
<section>
<section>
<h3>Wissensmanagement</h3>
<ul>
<li>Wikis</li>
<li>Gliederungseditoren</li>
<li>Lesezeichendienste</li>
</ul>
</section>
<section>
<h3>Wikis</h3>
<img class="stretch plain" src="res/wiki-crunch.png" />
</section>
<section>
<h3>Gliederungseditoren (Outliner)</h3>
<img class="stretch plain" src="res/cherrytree.png" />
</section>
<section>
<h3>Lesezeichendienste</h3>
<img class="stretch plain" src="res/pocket.png" />
</section>
</section>
<section><!-- sources -->
<h4>Quellen / Weiterführende Links</h4>
<small>
<ul>
<li>Wiki-Seite: <a href="https://wiki.crunchweb.eu/de/guide/research">wiki.crunchweb.eu/de/guide/research</a></li>
<li>Titelbild: <a target="_blank" href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/ke-dickinson/7159943526">Laika as Sherlock Holmes in Baker Street Station Y Nakanishi @ flickr</a></li>
</ul>
</small>
<hr />
<h3>Danke für's Zuhören!</h3>
</section><!-- /sources -->
<!-- end slides -->
</div>
</div>
<script src="../reveal.js-4.3.1/dist/reveal.js"></script>
<script src="../reveal.js-4.3.1/plugin/notes/notes.js"></script>
<script src="../reveal.js-4.3.1/plugin/markdown/markdown.js"></script>
<script src="../reveal.js-4.3.1/plugin/highlight/highlight.js"></script>
<script>
// More info about initialization & config:
// - https://revealjs.com/initialization/
// - https://revealjs.com/config/
Reveal.initialize({
hash: true,
// Learn about plugins: https://revealjs.com/plugins/
plugins: [ RevealMarkdown, RevealHighlight, RevealNotes ]
});
</script>
</body>
</html>

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<!doctype html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0, maximum-scale=1.0, user-scalable=no">
<title>reveal.js</title>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../reveal.js-4.3.1/dist/reset.css">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../reveal.js-4.3.1/dist/reveal.css">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../reveal.js-4.3.1/dist/theme/serif.css">
<!-- Theme used for syntax highlighted code -->
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../reveal.js-4.3.1/plugin/highlight/monokai.css">
</head>
<body>
<div class="reveal">
<div class="slides">
<!-- begin slides -->
<section>
<h3>Schlüsselbrett</h3>
<img class="stretch plain" src="res/keys.jpg" />
<h4>Passwortsicherheit und Passwortmanager</h4>
<small>
<p>CC-BY-SA 2022-08 Helix/RaumZeitLabor</p>
<p>Dauer: ca. 20 min</p>
</small>
</section>
<section>
<section>
<h3>Was definiert ein sicheres Passwort?</h3>
<ul class="fragment">
<li>Passwortlänge</li>
<li class="fragment">Komplexität / Erratbarkeit</li>
<li class="fragment">Merkbarkeit / Übertragbarkeit</li>
<li class="fragment">Einzigartigkeit.</li>
</ul>
</section>
</section>
<section>
<h4>Je länger, desto besser</h4>
<div class="fragment">
<p>aber:</p>
<small><p>passwortpasswortpasswortpasswortpasswortpasswort</p></small>
</div>
</section>
<section>
<h4>Komplexität / Erratbarkeit</h4>
<p class="fragment">Leicht zu erratende Passwörter:</p>
<ul class="fragment">
<li>Passwortlisten, Namen, Wörterbücher</li>
<li class="fragment">Sequenzen <i>(abcde, 13579)</i></li>
<li class="fragment">Wiederholungen <i>(aaa, 111, 131313)</i></li>
<li class="fragment">Transformationen <i>(1337$peak)</i></li>
<li class="fragment">Tastatur <i>(qwertz, iuhbv, xvlcw)</i></li>
<li class="fragment">Jahreszahlen und Kalenderdaten</li>
</ul>
</section>
<section>
<section>
<h4>Merkbarkeit / Übertragbarkeit</h4>
</section>
<section>
<h4>korrekt pferd batterie stapel</h4>
</section>
<section data-transition="fade-in">
<img class="plain" src="res/password_strength-1.png" />
</section>
<section data-transition="fade-in">
<img class="plain" src="res/password_strength-2.png" />
</section>
<section data-transition="fade-in">
<img class="plain" src="res/password_strength-3.png" />
</section>
<section data-transition="fade-in">
<img class="plain" src="res/password_strength-4.png" />
</section>
<section data-transition="fade-in">
<img class="plain" src="res/password_strength-5.png" />
</section>
<section data-transition="fade-in">
<img class="plain" src="res/password_strength-6.png" />
</section>
<section data-transition="fade-in">
<img class="plain" src="res/password_strength-7.png" />
</section>
</section>
<section>
<h4>Einzigartigkeit</h4>
<h3>Jedes Passwort nur ein Mal benutzen!</h3>
</section>
<section>
<section>
<h3>Passwortmanager</h3>
</section>
<section>
<h4><img class="plain" style="height:1em;margin:0 0 -.15em 0" src="res/keepassxc-logo.png" /> KeePassXC</h4>
<ul class="fragment">
<li>Frei und Open Source</li>
<li class="fragment">für Windows, GNU/Linux, macOS</li>
<li class="fragment">Download auf <a target="_blank" href="https://keepassxc.org">keepassxc.org</a></li>
</ul>
</section>
<section>
<h4>Screenshot von KeePassXC</h4>
<img class="stretch plain" src="res/keepassxc-screenshot.png" />
</section>
<section>
<h4>Wie funktioniert ein Passwortmanager?</h4>
<ul class="fragment">
<li>Datenbank aller Passwörter</li>
<li class="fragment">Verschlüsselt</li>
<li class="fragment">Geschützt mit: Masterpasswort, Keyfile, <abbr title="Timed One Time Password">TOTP</abbr></li>
</ul>
</section>
</section>
<section>
<section>
<h3>Tipps zum Umgang mit Passwörtern und Passwort-Datenbanken</h3>
</section>
<section>
<h4>Passwörter</h4>
<ul class="fragment">
<li>ausreichend lang</li>
<li class="fragment">schwer erratbar (von Mensch <i>und</i> Maschine)</li>
<li class="fragment">leicht übertragbar <small>wenn es sein muss</small></li>
<li class="fragment">nicht mehrfach verwenden!</li>
</ul>
</section>
<section>
<h4>Einmalpasswörter</h4>
<ul class="fragment">
<li>mit Google Authenticator oder FreeOTP generieren</li>
<li class="fragment">sichern (Seeds)</li>
<li class="fragment">das Gerät nicht verlieren</li>
</ul>
</section>
</section>
<section><!-- sources -->
<h4>Quellen</h4>
<small>
<ul>
<li>Titelbild: <a target="_blank" href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/ke-dickinson/7159943526">keys ke-dickinson @ flickr</a></li>
<li><a target="_blank" href="https://www.usenix.org/conference/usenixsecurity16/technical-sessions/presentation/wheeler">zxcvbn: Low-Budget Password Strength Estimation</a></li>
<li><a target="_blank" href="https://xkcd.com/936/">XKCD-Comic "Password Strength"</a></li>
<li><a target="_blank" href="https://diogomonica.com/2014/10/11/password-security-why-the-horse-battery-staple-is-not-correct/">Why the horse battery staple is not correct</a></li>
</ul>
</small>
<hr />
<h3>Danke für's Zuhören!</h3>
</section><!-- /sources -->
<!-- end slides -->
</div>
</div>
<script src="../reveal.js-4.3.1/dist/reveal.js"></script>
<script src="../reveal.js-4.3.1/plugin/notes/notes.js"></script>
<script src="../reveal.js-4.3.1/plugin/markdown/markdown.js"></script>
<script src="../reveal.js-4.3.1/plugin/highlight/highlight.js"></script>
<script>
// More info about initialization & config:
// - https://revealjs.com/initialization/
// - https://revealjs.com/config/
Reveal.initialize({
hash: true,
// Learn about plugins: https://revealjs.com/plugins/
plugins: [ RevealMarkdown, RevealHighlight, RevealNotes ]
});
</script>
</body>
</html>

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<flowRoot transform="matrix(.26458 0 0 .26458 -32.635 40.093)" fill="#000000" font-family="Arimo" font-size="18.667px" letter-spacing="0px" word-spacing="0px" style="font-feature-settings:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-variant-ligatures:normal;font-variant-numeric:normal;line-height:25px" xml:space="preserve"><flowRegion><rect x="825.91" y="298.91" width="115.78" height="44.975"/></flowRegion><flowPara>Erlaubt</flowPara></flowRoot>
<flowRoot transform="matrix(.26458 0 0 .26458 -38.864 37.869)" fill="#000000" font-family="Arimo" font-size="18.667px" letter-spacing="0px" word-spacing="0px" style="font-feature-settings:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-variant-ligatures:normal;font-variant-numeric:normal;line-height:25px" xml:space="preserve"><flowRegion><rect x="838.27" y="368.27" width="105.1" height="27.746"/></flowRegion><flowPara>Verhindert</flowPara></flowRoot>
</g>
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<text transform="scale(1,-1)" x="352.38925" y="-49.284943" font-size="8px"><tspan x="352.38925 356.36523 360.48526 364.14926 368.67725 371.46124 373.39725 376.10925" y="-49.284943">Security</tspan></text><g font-size="9px">
<text transform="scale(1,-1)" x="403.45276" y="-49.284943" font-weight="bold"><tspan x="403.45276 408.62775 413.80273" y="-49.284943">493</tspan></text>
<text transform="matrix(1 0 0 -1 96 249.85)"><tspan x="0 4.4099998 6.6329999 11.925 17.01 20.25 24.885 27.351 32.445 35.667 40.518002 42.984001 46.529999 51.705002 56.933998 63.549 67.058998 69.525002 72.594002 77.768997 82.403999" y="0">Figure 6-2 shows the </tspan></text>
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<path d="m333.89 165.73h-76.667v28h76.667z" fill="#f4f8b8"/><g transform="translate(333.89 165.73)"><path d="m0 0h-76.667v28h76.667z" fill="none" stroke="#110f0d"/></g><text transform="matrix(1 0 0 -1 267.58 181.38)" fill="#110f0d" font-family="Segoe" font-size="8px"><tspan x="0 4.9520001 9.5760002 16.464001 23.351999 27.879999 32.408001 34.344002 38.007999 42.048 44.759998 46.695999 51.32" y="0">Communication</tspan><tspan x="20.416 25.087999 29.712 32.728001" y="9.6000004">port</tspan></text>
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<path d="m257.22 193.73h-80.333v28h80.333z" fill="#f4f8b8"/><g transform="translate(257.22 193.73)"><path d="m0 0h-80.333v28h80.333z" fill="none" stroke="#110f0d"/></g><text transform="matrix(1 0 0 -1 193.09 209.38)" fill="#110f0d" font-family="Segoe" font-size="8px"><tspan x="0 3.7679999 8.3920002 12.056 16.096001 18.032 20.224001 24.200001 28.32 31.983999 36.512001 39.296001 41.231998 43.944" y="0">Local Security</tspan><tspan x="-14.12 -8.96 -4.4320002 -1.72 2.8080001 7.4320002 10.216 12.152 14.864 18.736 20.927999 23.344 27.112 31.087999 36.248001 38.664001 40.855999 43.976002 48.096001 51.200001 55.032001 59.152" y="9.6000004">Authority (LSA) server</tspan></text>
<path d="m176.89 94.732h-76.667v28h76.667z" fill="#f4f8b8"/><g transform="translate(176.89 94.732)"><path d="m0 0h-76.667v28h76.667z" fill="none" stroke="#110f0d"/></g><text transform="matrix(1 0 0 -1 110.58 110.38)" fill="#110f0d" font-family="Segoe" font-size="8px"><tspan x="0 4.9520001 9.5760002 16.464001 23.351999 27.879999 32.408001 34.344002 38.007999 42.048 44.759998 46.695999 51.32" y="0">Communication</tspan><tspan x="20.416 25.087999 29.712 32.728001" y="9.6000004">port</tspan></text>
<path d="m333.89 94.732h-76.667v28h76.667z" fill="#f4f8b8"/><g transform="translate(333.89 94.732)"><path d="m0 0h-76.667v28h76.667z" fill="none" stroke="#110f0d"/></g><text transform="matrix(1 0 0 -1 267.58 110.38)" fill="#110f0d" font-family="Segoe" font-size="8px"><tspan x="0 4.9520001 9.5760002 16.464001 23.351999 27.879999 32.408001 34.344002 38.007999 42.048 44.759998 46.695999 51.32" y="0">Communication</tspan><tspan x="20.416 25.087999 29.712 32.728001" y="9.6000004">port</tspan></text>
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<!doctype html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0, maximum-scale=1.0, user-scalable=no">
<title>Rechtetrennung in modernen Betriebssystemen</title>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../reveal.js-4.3.1/dist/reset.css">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../reveal.js-4.3.1/dist/reveal.css">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../reveal.js-4.3.1/dist/theme/serif.css">
<!-- Theme used for syntax highlighted code -->
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../reveal.js-4.3.1/plugin/highlight/monokai.css">
</head>
<body>
<div class="reveal">
<div class="slides">
<!-- begin slides -->
<section>
<h3>Gemeinsames Sorgerecht</h3>
<img class="stretch plain" src="res/cerberus-puppy.png" />
<h4>Ein Überblick über Rechtetrennung in modernen Betriebssystemen</h4>
<p>
<small>CC-BY-SA 2018-02-06 Helix/RaumZeitLabor</small>
</p>
</section>
<section>
<h3>Agenda</h3>
<ul class="fragment">
<li>warum braucht man Rechte?</li>
<li class="fragment">Rechtetrennung in Unix</li>
<li class="fragment">Erweiterungen in GNU/Linux</li>
<li class="fragment">Rechtetrennung in Windows</li>
<li class="fragment">Grenzen und Lücken.</li>
</ul>
</section>
<section><!-- what -->
<section>
<h4>Warum braucht man überhaupt</h4>
<h3>Rechte?</h3>
</section>
<section>
<h3>Authentifizierung vs. Autorisierung</h3>
</section>
<section>
<h3>Subjekte und Objekte</h3>
<ul>
<li class="fragment">Subjekte greifen auf Objekte zu</li>
<li class="fragment">Nicht jedes Subjekt darf jedes Objekt benutzen</li>
<li class="fragment">Böse Subjekte schon gar nicht.</li>
</ul>
</section>
<section>
<h3>Beispiele</h3>
<ul class="fragment">
<li>Subjekte:
<ul>
<li class="fragment">Prozesse</li>
</ul>
</li>
<br />
<li class="fragment">Objekte:
<ul>
<li class="fragment">Dateien</li>
<li class="fragment">Ordner</li>
<li class="fragment">Sockets</li>
<li class="fragment">Prozesse</li>
<li class="fragment">virtueller Speicher.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</section>
</section><!-- /what -->
<section><!-- Unix -->
<section>
<h4>Rechtetrennung in</h4>
<h3>Unix / POSIX</h3>
</section>
<section>
<h3>Benutzer und Gruppen</h3>
<ul>
<li class="fragment">Besitzer (u)</li>
<li class="fragment">Gruppe (g)</li>
<li class="fragment">Andere (o)</li>
<li class="fragment">Alle (a).</li>
</ul>
</section>
<section>
<h3>Dateirechte</h3>
<div class="fragment">
<p>Bei jeder Datei:</p>
<code>u g o a</code>
</div>
<div class="fragment">
<p>und für jedes Besitzverhältnis</p>
<code>r w x</code>
</div>
</section>
<section>
<h3>Oktale Notation</h3>
<ul class="fragment">
<li>r = 4</li>
<li>w = 2</li>
<li>x = 1</li>
</ul>
<div class="fragment">
<p>Ausrechnen:</p>
<ul>
<li class="fragment">r + x<span class="fragment"> = 4 + 1</span><span class="fragment"> = 5</span></li>
<li class="fragment">r + w<span class="fragment"> = 6</span></li>
<li class="fragment">r + w + x<span class="fragment"> = 7</span></li>
<li class="fragment">w + x<span class="fragment"> = 3.</span></li>
</ul>
</div>
</section>
<section>
<h3>Oktal notierte Dateirechte</h3>
<pre class="fragment"><code>% ls -l datei.txt
-rw-rw-r--. 1 helix helix 0 5. Feb 19:17 datei.txt
<div class="fragment">% chmod 777 datei.txt</div>
<div class="fragment">% ls -l datei.txt
-rwxrwxrwx. 1 helix helix 0 5. Feb 19:17 datei.txt</span>
</code></pre>
</section>
<section>
<h3>Berechtigungen ändern</h3>
<ul>
<li class="fragment">Der Besitzer darf das, Gruppen nicht</li>
<li class="fragment">Root darf eh alles.</li>
</ul>
</section>
<section>
<h3>ACLs</h3>
<ul>
<li class="fragment">pro Benutzer (u)</li>
<li class="fragment">pro Gruppe (g)</li>
<li class="fragment">Rechtemaske (m)</li>
<li class="fragment">Benutzer, die nicht in Gruppen oder ACL sind (o).</li>
</ul>
</section>
</section> <!-- /Unix -->
<section><!-- Linux -->
<section>
<h4>Erweiterungen in</h4>
<h3>GNU/Linux</h3>
</section>
<section>
<h3>Capabilities (Fähigkeiten)</h3>
<ul class="fragment">
<li>mit seccomp-Erweiterung verfügbar</li>
<li class="fragment">derzeit 35 Stück im Linux-Kernel</li>
<li class="fragment">Beispiele: <br />chown, setuid, setgid, net_raw, net_bind_service, …</li>
<li class="fragment">fallenlassen möglich und erwünscht.</li>
</ul>
</section>
<section>
<h3>Namespaces</h3>
<ul class="fragment">
<li>Leichtgewichtige Prozess-Virtualisierung</li>
<li class="fragment">Isolierung: Ein Prozess hat eine andere Sicht auf das System</li>
<li class="fragment">Kein Hypervisor (wie bei VMs)</li>
<li class="fragment">Besonders nützlich: netns / veth</li>
<li class="fragment">Weitere Namespaces: PID, <abbr title="UNIX Timesharing System">UTS</abbr> (hostname), Mount, user.</li>
</ul>
</section>
<section>
<h3>Control Groups</h3>
<ul class="fragment">
<li>regeln den Zugriff auf Systemressourcen</li>
<li class="fragment">Implementieren Möglichkeiten zur Steuerung der Auslastung</li>
<li class="fragment">RAM, CPU, Netzwerkprioritäten, Geräte, etc.</li>
</ul>
</section>
<section>
<h3>Mandatory Access Controls</h3>
<p class="fragment">Geben jedem Benutzer und jeder Gruppe einen Kontext und Freigaben für ihre Arbeit mit "Regeln".</p>
<h4 class="fragment">Beispiele:</h4>
<ul class="fragment">
<li>SELinux</li>
<li>AppArmor</li>
<li>Smack</li>
<li>TOMOYO</li>
</ul>
<p class="fragment">Die meisten Systeme nutzen Linux Security Modules im Kernel.</p>
</section>
<section>
<h4>Übersicht über das Rechtemodell in GNU/Linux</h4>
<img class="stretch plain" src="res/lin-access-controls.png" />
</section>
<section>
<h3>MAC vs. <abbr title="Discretionary Access Control">DAC</abbr>, <abbr title="Role-Based Access Control">RBAC</abbr></h3>
</section>
<section>
<h3>Was kann man damit machen?</h3>
<ul class="fragment">
<li>Sandbox (chroot, firejail)</li>
<li class="fragment">Container (<abbr title="Linux Containers">LXC</abbr>, Docker)</li>
<li class="fragment">VMs (VirtualBox, VMWare, KVM).</li>
</ul>
</section>
</section><!-- /Linux -->
<section><!-- Windows -->
<section>
<h4>Natürlich gibt es Rechtetrennung auch in</h4>
<h3>Windows</h3>
</section>
<section>
<h3>Das Dateisystem</h3>
<ul class="fragment">
<li>i.d.R. NTFS</li>
<li class="fragment">hat auch Benutzer, Gruppen</li>
<li class="fragment">POSIX-Modus</li>
<li class="fragment">und ACLs.</li>
</ul>
</section>
<section>
<h3>Verwirrende Grafik aus einem <abbr title="Windows internals">Buch</abbr></h3>
<img class="stretch plain" src="res/win-access-controls.svg" />
</section>
<section>
<h3>Die wichtigsten Komponenten</h3>
<ul class="fragment">
<li><abbr title="Security Reference Monitor">SRM</abbr> Security checks</li>
<li class="fragment"><abbr title="Local Security Authority Subsystem">LSASS</abbr>/<abbr title="Local Security Authority Service">LSASRV</abbr> lokale System-Sicherheitsrichtlinienverwaltung</li>
<li class="fragment"><abbr title="Security Accounts Manager">SAM</abbr> Service/DB mit Benutzer- und Gruppendaten</li>
<li class="fragment">HAL, <abbr title="Kernel Security Device Driver">KSecDD</abbr> Hardware-Abstraktion</li>
<li class="fragment">AppLocker MAC.</li>
</ul>
</section>
<section>
<h3>Kommunikation der Komponenten</h3>
<img class="stretch plain" src="res/win-mac-communication.svg" />
</section>
<section>
<h3>Benutzerkontensteuerung</h3>
<img class="stretch plain" src="res/uac.png" />
</section>
</section><!-- /Windows -->
<section><!-- pitfalls -->
<h3>Gegen was Rechtemanagement <strong>nicht</strong> hilft</h3>
<ul class="fragment">
<li>Kernel-Bugs (ring0)</li>
<li class="fragment">Fehler im Rechtemanagement (Bugs/Konfiguration)</li>
<li class="fragment">Hardware-Bugs</li>
<li class="fragment">verwanzte Hardware</li>
<li class="fragment"><strong>BENUTZER</strong>.</li>
</ul>
</section><!-- /pitfalls -->
<section><!-- sources -->
<h4>Quellen</h4>
<small>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://akreon.deviantart.com/art/Cerberus-puppy-684305376">Kerberos akreon (DeviantArt)</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.nccgroup.trust/globalassets/our-research/us/whitepapers/2016/april/ncc_group_understanding_hardening_linux_containers-1-1.pdf">Understanding and Hardening Linux Containers (NCC Group Whitepaper)</a></li>
<li><a href="http://materias.fi.uba.ar/7508/WI6/Windows%20Internals%20Part%201%20(6th%20Edition).pdf">Windows Internals Part 1 (6th Edition)</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.slideshare.net/kaigai/label-based-mandatory-access-control-on-postgresql">Label based Mandatory Access Control on PostgreSQL (PGcon2011, Kohei KaiGai)</a></li>
</ul>
</small>
<hr />
<h3>Danke für's Zuhören!</h3>
</section><!-- /sources -->
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